Intangiriro kumashini y'ibiribwa
Inganda zibiribwa ninganda zambere zikomeye mu nganda zikora isi. Muri uru ruganda rwagutse, urwego rugezweho rwo gutunganya ibiribwa, kwihaza mu biribwa no gupakira ibiribwa bifitanye isano itaziguye n’imibereho y’abaturage kandi ni ikimenyetso cyingenzi kigaragaza urwego rw’iterambere ry’igihugu. Kuva ku bikoresho fatizo, tekinoroji yo gutunganya, ibicuruzwa byarangiye, gupakira kugeza kumikoreshereze yanyuma, inzira yose itemba iraruhije, irahuza, buri murongo ntushobora gutandukana nu rwego mpuzamahanga rwo mu rwego rwa mbere rwizeza ubuziranenge hamwe nu rubuga rw’ubucuruzi.
1, Igitekerezo cyimashini zibiribwa no gutondekanya
Imashini y'ibiribwa ni iy'ubuhinzi no kuruhande nkibikoresho fatizo byo gutunganya ibicuruzwa biribwa bikoreshwa mugushiraho ibikoresho. Inganda zitunganya ibiribwa zirimo ubutaka butandukanye, nk'isukari, ibinyobwa, ibikomoka ku mata, imigati, bombo, amagi, imboga, imbuto, ibikomoka mu mazi, amavuta n'ibinure, ibirungo, ibiryo bya bento, ibikomoka kuri soya, inyama, inzoga, ibiryo byafashwe , nibindi, buri nganda zifite ibikoresho byo gutunganya bijyanye. Ukurikije imikorere yimashini zibiribwa zirashobora kugabanywa mumashini rusange yibiribwa hamwe nimashini zidasanzwe zibiribwa ibyiciro bibiri. Imashini rusange yibiribwa, harimo imashini zo guta ibikoresho mbisi (nko gukora isuku, kuvanga, gutandukanya no gutoranya imashini nibikoresho), imashini zangiza nifu (nko kumenagura, gukata, kumenagura imashini nibikoresho), imashini zangiza amazi (nkayo nk'imashini zitandukanya ibyiciro byinshi, kuvanga imashini, ibikoresho bya emulisifike ya homogenizer, imashini igereranya amazi, n'ibindi), ibikoresho byo kumisha (nk'umuvuduko ukabije w'ikirere hamwe n'imashini zumisha vacuum), ibikoresho byo guteka (harimo n'ubwoko butandukanye bw'agasanduku gasanzwe, Ibikoresho byo gutekesha, iminyururu-umukandara) hamwe na tanki zitandukanye zikoreshwa mugutunganya.
2, Imashini y'ibiribwa ibikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa
Umusaruro wibiribwa ufite uburyo bwihariye bwihariye, burangwa na: guhura namazi, imashini ziterwa nubushyuhe bwinshi; akenshi ikora ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru cyangwa buke, imashini mu itandukaniro ry'ubushyuhe mu bidukikije; guhuza bitaziguye nibiryo nibitangazamakuru byangirika, ibikoresho byimashini bambara kandi bikavaho binini. Kubwibyo, muguhitamo imashini y'ibiribwa n'ibikoresho, cyane cyane imashini y'ibiribwa n'ibikoresho byo guhuza ibiryo, usibye no gutekereza ku gishushanyo mbonera rusange kugira ngo gihuze n'imashini nk'imbaraga, gukomera, kurwanya ibinyeganyega, n'ibindi, ariko kandi bigomba kwishyura kwitondera amahame akurikira:
Ntigomba kubamo ibintu byangiza ubuzima bwabantu cyangwa ibiryo bishobora kubyara imiti.
Ugomba kugira imbaraga nyinshi zo kurwanya ingese no kwangirika.
Bikwiye kuba byoroshye gusukura kandi birashobora kubungabungwa igihe kirekire nta bara.
Bikwiye gushobora kugumana imiterere yubukanishi mubushyuhe bwo hejuru kandi buke.
Ukurikije amahame yavuzwe haruguru, ikoreshwa ryibikoresho mu nganda zikora ibiryo ni:
Ibyuma
Ibyuma bitagira umwanda nicyuma kivanze gishobora kurwanya ruswa mu kirere cyangwa itangazamakuru ryangiza. Ibigize shingiro byibyuma bidafite umwanda ni fer-chromium alloy hamwe nicyuma-chromium-nikel alloy, hiyongereyeho ibindi bintu bishobora kongerwamo, nka zirconium, titanium, molybdenum, manganese ,, platine, tungsten, umuringa, azote, nibindi .. Bitewe nuburyo butandukanye, imiterere yo kurwanya ruswa iratandukanye. Icyuma na chromium nibintu by'ibanze bigize ibyuma bitandukanye bidafite ingese, imyitozo yerekanye ko iyo ibyuma birimo chromium mu bice birenga 12%, birashobora kurwanya ruswa yibitangazamakuru bitandukanye, chromium rusange yibyuma bitagira umuyonga ntibirenza 28%. Ibyuma bitagira umwanda bifite ibyiza byo kurwanya ruswa, ibyuma bitagira umwanda, nta ibara, nta kwangirika hamwe nibiribwa bifatanye byoroshye kuvanaho nubushyuhe bwo hejuru, imiterere yubushyuhe buke, nibindi, bityo rero mumashini y'ibiribwa ikoreshwa cyane. Ibyuma bitagira umwanda bikoreshwa cyane cyane mumashini atunganya ibiryo pompe, valve, imiyoboro, ibigega, inkono, guhanahana ubushyuhe, ibikoresho byo guhunikamo ibintu, ibikoresho bya vacuum, nibindi. tanks kandi kubera ingese zayo bizagira ingaruka kubikoresho byisuku yibiribwa, koresha kandi ibyuma bitagira umwanda.
Icyuma
Ibyuma bisanzwe bya karubone hamwe nicyuma ntago arwanya ruswa, byoroshye kubora, kandi ntibigomba guhura nibitangazamakuru byibiribwa byangirika, mubisanzwe bikoreshwa mubikoresho byo kwikorera imitwaro yimiterere. Ibyuma nicyuma nibikoresho byiza byo kwambara bikoreshwa mubikoresho byumye, kubera ko ibivangwa na fer-karubone bishobora kugira ibyuma bitandukanye birwanya kwambara mugucunga imiterere yabyo no kuvura ubushyuhe. Icyuma ubwacyo nticyangiza umubiri wumuntu, ariko iyo gihuye na tannine nibindi bintu, bizahindura ibiryo. Ingese y'icyuma irashobora kwangiza umubiri wumuntu iyo ihinduwe mubiryo. Ibikoresho by'ibyuma n'ibyuma bifite ibyiza byihariye mu kurwanya kwambara, kurwanya umunaniro, kurwanya ingaruka, n'ibindi. Kubwibyo rero, biracyakoreshwa cyane mu mashini y'ibiribwa mu Bushinwa, cyane cyane imashini zikora ifu, imashini ikora amakariso, imashini zipima, n'ibindi. Mu byuma ikoreshwa, ubwinshi bwibyuma bya karubone, cyane cyane 45 na A3 ibyuma. Ibyo byuma bikoreshwa cyane cyane mubice byubatswe byimashini zibiribwa, kandi ibikoresho bikoreshwa cyane mubyuma ni ibyuma byumukara, bikoreshwa mukicara cyimashini, imashini ikanda ahandi hantu bisaba kunyeganyega no kwambara. Ibyuma byimyanda hamwe nicyuma cyera bikoreshwa aho muri rusange ibikoresho byubukanishi biri hejuru kandi birasabwa kwihanganira kwambara.
Ibyuma bidafite amabara
Ibikoresho bidafite ferrous mubikoresho byibiribwa ahanini ni aluminiyumu, umuringa usukuye n'umuringa, n'ibindi. Ubwoko bwibiribwa bikoreshwa na aluminiyumu ikoreshwa cyane cyane karubone, amavuta, ibikomoka ku mata nibindi. Nyamara, acide organic nibindi bintu byangirika bishobora gutera kwangirika kwa aluminium na aluminiyumu mubihe bimwe na bimwe. Kwangirika kwa aluminium na aluminiyumu mu mashini y'ibiribwa, ku ruhande rumwe, bigira ingaruka ku mibereho ya serivisi z’imashini, ku rundi ruhande, ibintu byangirika mu biryo kandi bikangiza ubuzima bw’abantu. Umuringa usukuye, uzwi kandi ku izina ry'umuringa w'umuhengeri, urangwa n'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyane bw’umuriro, ku buryo akenshi bukoreshwa nk'ibikoresho bitwara ubushyuhe, bushobora gukoreshwa mu guhanahana ibintu bitandukanye. Nubwo umuringa ufite urwego runaka rwo kurwanya ruswa, ariko umuringa kubintu bimwe na bimwe byokurya, nka vitamine C bigira ingaruka mbi, usibye ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe (nkibikomoka ku mata) nabyo biterwa no gukoresha ibikoresho byumuringa numunuko. Kubwibyo, mubusanzwe ntabwo ikoreshwa muburyo butaziguye nibiribwa, ahubwo ikoreshwa mubikoresho nko guhanahana ubushyuhe cyangwa gushyushya ikirere muri sisitemu yo gukonjesha. Muri rusange, imashini n'ibiribwa n'ibikoresho, bimaze gukoreshwa hamwe n’ibyuma byavuzwe haruguru bidafite ferro yo gukora imikoreshereze itaziguye n’ibice by’ibiribwa cyangwa ibikoresho byubatswe, biragenda birwanya ruswa kandi bifite isuku nziza y’ibyuma bitagira umwanda cyangwa ibikoresho bitari ibyuma byo gusimbuza.
Ntabwo ari ibyuma
Mu miterere yimashini zibiribwa, usibye gukoresha ibikoresho byiza byicyuma, ariko kandi no gukoresha cyane ibikoresho bitari ibyuma. Gukoresha ibikoresho bitari ibyuma mubikoresho byibiribwa nibikoresho ahanini ni plastiki. Amashanyarazi akoreshwa cyane ni polyethylene, polypropilene, polystirene, polytetrafluoroethylene plastike na plastike ya fenolike irimo ifu na fibre yuzuza fibre, plastike yanduye, epoxy resin, polyamide, ibisobanuro bitandukanye byerekana ifuro, plastiki ya polikarubone, nibindi, hiyongereyeho na reberi zitandukanye za kamere na sintetike. . Mu mashini y'ibiribwa guhitamo ibikoresho bya pulasitiki na polymer, bigomba gushingira ku biribwa bikenerwa mu buzima no mu kato ndetse n’ingingo zijyanye n’ubuyobozi bw’ubuzima bw’igihugu n’akato kugira ngo hakoreshwe ibikoresho. Muri rusange, aho guhura mu buryo butaziguye n'ibikoresho bya polymeriki bigomba kwemeza ko rwose bidafite uburozi kandi bitagira ingaruka ku bantu, bitagomba kuzana impumuro mbi ku biryo kandi bikagira ingaruka ku buryohe bwibiryo, ntibigomba gushonga cyangwa kubyimba mu biribwa, tutibagiwe na imiti ivura ibiryo. Kubwibyo, imashini zibiribwa ntizigomba gukoreshwa muri polimeri nkeya irimo amazi cyangwa irimo monomer zikomeye, kuko polymers akenshi iba ari uburozi. Amashanyarazi amwe amwe akora mubusaza cyangwa ubushyuhe bwinshi, nka sterisizione yubushyuhe bwo hejuru, irashobora kubora monomer zishonga kandi zigakwirakwira mubiryo, kugirango ibiryo byangirika.
3, Guhitamo amahame yimashini zibiribwa nibisabwa
Ubushobozi bwo kubyaza umusaruro ibikoresho bugomba kuba bujuje ibisabwa mubipimo byumusaruro. Mu gutoranya cyangwa gushushanya ibikoresho, ubushobozi bwayo bwo kubyaza umusaruro ubushobozi bwo kubyaza umusaruro ibindi bikoresho mugikorwa cyose cyakozwe, kuburyo ibikoresho bifite imikorere myiza mukoresha, ntabwo igihe cyo gukora kigabanuka kugeza byibuze.
1, Ntabwo yemerera gusenya ibikoresho fatizo birimo intungamubiri, bigomba no kongera intungamubiri.
2, Ntabwo yemera gusenya uburyohe bwumwimerere bwibikoresho fatizo.
3, Ihuza isuku yibiribwa.
4, Ubwiza bwibicuruzwa byakozwe nibikoresho bigomba kuba byujuje ubuziranenge.
5, Imikorere irashoboka, hamwe nibipimo bya tekiniki n'ubukungu byumvikana. Ibikoresho bigomba kandi kuba bigabanya kugabanya ikoreshwa ryibikoresho byingufu ningufu, cyangwa bikagira ibikoresho bisubiramo kugirango umusaruro ube ufite zui igiciro gito. Umwanda muke ku bidukikije.
6, Kugirango habeho isuku yumusaruro wibiribwa, imashini nibikoresho bigomba kuba byoroshye gusenya no gukaraba.
7, Muri rusange, isura yubunini bwimashini imwe ni nto, uburemere bworoshye, igice cyo kohereza gishyizwe muri rack, byoroshye kugenda.
8, Nkuko izo mashini nibikoresho namazi, aside, alkali nandi mahirwe yo guhura ari menshi, ibisabwa mubikoresho bigomba kuba bishobora kurwanya ruswa no kwirinda ingese, no guhura nibice byibicuruzwa, bigomba gukoreshwa ibikoresho byuma bidafite umwanda. . Moteri y'amashanyarazi igomba guhitamo ubwoko butarimo ubushuhe, kandi ubuziranenge bwibigize kwifata nibyiza kandi bifite imikorere idahwitse.
9, Bitewe nubwoko butandukanye bwibikorwa byuruganda rwibiribwa kandi birashobora kwandika byinshi, ibisabwa mumashini n'ibikoresho byayo biroroshye guhinduka, biroroshye guhindura ifu, kubungabunga byoroshye, kandi bishoboka cyane gukora imashini intego nyinshi.
10, Saba izi mashini nibikoresho bifite umutekano kandi byizewe, byoroshye gucunga, byoroshye gukora, byoroshye gukora nishoramari rito.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-01-2023